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5 Minutes Read

Avoiding Overcrowding: Best Practices for Planting Trees and Shrubs

Best Practices for Planting Trees and Shrubs

Did you know that improperly placed trees can not only hinder your landscape’s aesthetic appeal but also pose a long-term threat to the health of your plants? In this article, we will explore overcrowding in landscaping, its implications, and essential strategies to create a thriving outdoor space. Join us as we dive into expert insights and actionable tips to ensure your landscape flourishes for years to come.

Understanding Overcrowding in Landscaping

What is Overcrowding in Landscaping?

Overcrowding in landscaping occurs when plants, particularly trees and shrubs, are planted too closely together, limiting their ability to grow properly. This mistake stems from a focus on immediate visual appeal rather than planning for the future. When trees and shrubs compete for resources such as sunlight, water, and nutrients, it can lead to issues such as stunted growth and increased susceptibility to disease.

Typically, overcrowding happens when homeowners want to fill their space quickly without considering the mature size of the plants. For example, a homeowner might plant several young trees in close proximity, thinking they'll look attractive together. However, as these trees grow, they may overshadow one another, leading to unhealthy plants that struggle to survive.

Why Overcrowding is a Common Landscaping Mistake

One of the most pressing reasons overcrowding occurs is that many property owners prioritize aesthetics over practical considerations. People often choose tree species based on their current appearance—how lush they look at planting time—without factoring in their long-term growth potential. For instance, an evergreen that can reach up to 80 feet tall will look majestic in its early years but can spell disaster when placed too closely to a structure.

Furthermore, a lack of knowledge about spacing requirements and mature tree sizes can lead to overcrowding, making it important for homeowners to educate themselves or consult professionals before making landscaping decisions.

The Importance of Strategic Tree Placement

Factors to Consider for Tree Placement

Strategic tree placement is essential for fostering a healthy and visually appealing landscape. When planning your tree placement, consider the following factors:

  • Mature height of the tree: Always research how tall the tree will eventually grow. This prevents issues with branches interfering with roofs or power lines.

  • Root spread: Trees have expansive root systems that need adequate space to grow without damaging other plants or infrastructure.

  • Proximity to structures: Ensure enough distance from buildings to allow for natural growth patterns.

  • Sunlight and soil conditions: Different tree species thrive in specific conditions—some need full sunlight, while others prefer shaded areas.

  • Future maintenance requirements: Understand the scalability of maintenance tasks as trees grow and become more established.

Overcrowding In Landscaping

Consequences of Overcrowding Trees and Shrubs

Impact on Tree Health and Growth

The consequences of overcrowding are profound, with the health and growth of trees being negatively impacted in several ways. Limited air circulation and intense competition for nutrients can lead to weakened root systems, stunted growth, and increased vulnerability to diseases. Trees may also exhibit signs of stress, such as yellowing leaves or premature leaf drop, which often signals that they are struggling to thrive in overcrowded conditions.

Furthermore, overcrowding can lead to complex issues like poor structure and form. Trees that are forced to grow close to one another will often lean towards sources of light, leading to uneven canopies and increased pruning needs in the future.

Effects on Aesthetics and Property Value

Overcrowding does not only affect the plants themselves but also has repercussions for the overall beauty and value of your property. A landscape filled with overgrown bushes and excessively crowded trees filters light and detracts from curb appeal. This reduced aesthetic can negatively affect property values, making it less desirable not only for potential buyers but also for your day-to-day experience at home.

In contrast, a well-planned landscape where each plant has adequate space tends to be more inviting, enhancing the overall atmosphere and making it a more enjoyable space to spend time.

Best Practices to Prevent Overcrowding

Choosing the Right Species and Spacing

To prevent overcrowding, homeowners should start with making informed decisions about tree species. Researching mature sizes and tree needs is essential before planting anything. Be sure to follow recommended spacing guidelines based on the species' ultimate height and width. This planning ensures that each tree has ample room to flourish without competing with neighbors.

When selecting species, consider incorporating native trees that are more suited to your local climate and conditions. They generally require less maintenance and perform better in their natural habitats.

Creating a Long-Term Landscape Plan

Creating a long-term landscape plan is crucial to avoiding overcrowding. Consider developing a 25-year plan that outlines your vision for the landscape, taking into account future growth and maintenance. This plan should account for seasonal changes, potential pests, and any local challenges, such as pests or disease outbreaks that could impact your trees.

Overcrowding In Landscaping

Expert Insights on Tree Care

Professional Recommendations for Homeowners

Experts like Colton T. Ansbro, a certified arborist, emphasize the value of conducting proper research before planting. For instance, “Homeowners often overlook the importance of understanding a tree's growth habits and requirements. Choosing the right tree species and planning for their future growth can make a significant difference,” explains Colton T. Ansbro, TCIA Certified Tree Safety Professional.

Quotes from Tree Care Professionals

Furthermore, certified tree care professionals recommend seeking the assistance of local arborists, especially when faced with decisions about species selection and landscape design. They also stress the importance of regular assessments and maintenance to prevent overcrowding in the long term.

Overcrowding In Landscaping

Common Mistakes to Avoid in Landscaping

Overcrowding vs. Underplanting

While overcrowding is a significant issue, underplanting can also hinder the growth and aesthetic value of a landscape. Striking a balance between filling spaces with sufficient greenery and avoiding overcrowded conditions is vital for a successful landscape design.

Ignoring Mature Size of Trees

Ignoring the mature size of trees is one of the most common mistakes in landscaping. Understanding how large a tree will grow is crucial for ensuring it won't become a problem in the future, such as interfering with power lines or buildings.

Practical Tips for Homeowners and Business Owners

Regular Maintenance and Assessments

To maintain a healthy landscape, regularly assess the growth and health of your plants. Look for signs of overcrowding or unhealthy growth and consult with professionals as needed.

Consulting with Certified Arborists

Working with certified arborists not only provides expertise in tree care but also ensures that you are equipped with the knowledge needed to prevent overcrowding in your landscape.

People Also Ask

What happens if you overcrowd plants?

Overcrowding plants can lead to stunted growth, increased risk of disease, and poor air circulation among plants.

How much is too much for landscaping?

Too much landscaping can occur when plants are densely packed together, leading to competition for resources.

What is the rule of 3 in gardening?

The rule of three suggests planting three of the same species together for visual impact, while ensuring that each has sufficient space to grow.

Can a garden be too crowded?

Absolutely! So always plan for future growth.

Overcrowding In Landscaping

Conclusion: The Legacy of Thoughtful Landscaping

In conclusion, landscaping is a long-term investment, and overcrowding in landscaping can drastically affect the beauty and health of your outdoor space. By planning effectively and considering the future growth of your trees and shrubs, you can create a landscape that not only looks good today but thrives for years to come.

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06.30.2025

Managing Emerald Ash Borer Threats in Community Camps

Contributed by Jeff Speich,Owner and consultant, Baumwerks Consulting 646-228-0480Startling Impact: Did you know that emerald ash borer infestations have killed tens of millions of ash trees across North America, devastating local ecosystems and threatening the safety of community environments? Effective emerald ash borer management is no longer optional but an urgent necessity for camps like Camp Little Notch nestled in the Adirondacks in New York State and community forests striving to protect their natural heritage and public safety.Startling Impact of Emerald Ash Borer on Ash Trees in Community SettingsThe emerald ash borer (EAB), a highly destructive invasive beetle native to Asia, has wreaked havoc on ash trees throughout many regions, including community camps situated in forested areas. The pest’s larvae bore into the bark, disrupting nutrient flow and eventually killing the tree. The presence of EAB can transform healthy ash populations into hazardous liabilities, jeopardizing not only the ecological balance but also the safety of camp structures, trails, and visitors.Community camps are uniquely vulnerable because ash trees often grow near cabins, trails, and communal spaces. Infestation leads to widespread tree death and increases the risk of falling limbs or entire tree failures, which can cause injury and damage. Sustained infestations without management can irreversibly alter camp landscapes and significantly increase maintenance costs. Understanding the Threat: What is Emerald Ash Borer?The emerald ash borer is an invasive beetle approximately half an inch long, with a metallic green sheen. Its larvae tunnel beneath the bark of ash trees, disrupting water and nutrient movement within the tree. Once infested, ash trees typically die within 2 to 4 years if untreated. Since its accidental introduction in the early 2000s, the EAB has killed millions of ash trees and continues to expand its range.Because EAB is difficult to detect early and damages trees from within, traditional visual checks require careful knowledge and expertise. Early infestations are often asymptomatic, and by the time large-scale damage is visible, the tree may be severely compromised or beyond saving. This highlights the importance of active monitoring and proactive emerald ash borer management .Why Emerald Ash Borer Management is Critical for Camps and Community ForestsCommunity camps rely heavily on the natural environment, with trees playing critical roles in aesthetics, shade, habitat, and recreational value. Without effective emerald ash borer management, camps face:Increased tree mortality leading to diminished forest coverHeightened safety hazards near buildings and pathsHigher costs from emergency removals and damaged infrastructureLoss of biodiversity and landscape qualityImplementing structured pest management protects both people and property while preserving the ecological benefits of ash trees. The challenge lies in creating a sustainable plan that balances forest health, visitor safety, and budget constraints.Expert Overview: Jeff Speich of Baumwerks Consulting on Emerald Ash Borer ManagementJeff Speich, of Baumwerks Consulting, explains, "With emerald ash borer advancing, managing ash trees near buildings and trails is not just important, it’s essential for safety and sustainability in community camps."Jeff Speich brings decades of forestry and arboricultural experience to the forefront of pest management in community settings. His holistic approach considers tree health assessment, hazard mitigation, and practical management strategies tailored for camp environments. According to Jeff, integrating community involvement and leveraging innovative methods like in-kind timber sale agreements significantly benefits camp sustainability efforts.Assessing Ash Tree Health and Hazards in Camp EnvironmentsIdentifying Hazardous and Diseased Ash TreesEffective emerald ash borer management begins with accurate tree health assessment. Identifying hazardous trees involves looking for symptoms like canopy dieback, bark splitting, epicormic shoots, and the distinctive D-shaped exit holes created by emerging beetles. Professional arborists conduct thorough inspections to differentiate between EAB damage and other health issues or mechanical injuries.Jeff Speich emphasizes the importance of trained arborists in this process, stating, “Improper hazard identification can worsen risk rather than mitigate it.” Visual inspections, combined with tools such as tree coring and remote sensing, enable camps to map infestation severity and prioritize intervention areas. Common Mistakes in Tree Hazard Identification and How to Avoid ThemOne frequent error in managing emerald ash borer is identifying hazardous trees without a structured plan for action. For example, marking trees with ribbons without scheduling removals can lead to liability if the trees subsequently fail. Additionally, misidentification or overlooking early symptoms delays treatment and increases infestation spread.Jeff Speich advises camps to employ certified arborists for inspections and to create detailed work plans that include timelines for removals or treatments. Transparent communication with camp members is also essential to manage expectations and address concerns about tree removals or treatments.Strategic Emerald Ash Borer Management Approaches for CampsTimber Sales as a Tool for Pest Management and Forest HealthOne innovative approach to managing emerald ash borer involves timber sales of infested or hazardous ash trees. Through careful planning, camps can generate revenue by selling ash timber, which simultaneously reduces pest habitat and eliminates risk.Jeff Speich shares his experience with Camp Little Notch, where an in-kind timber sale agreement allowed the camp to receive extensive tree removal and road maintenance services in exchange for timber rights. This creative solution provided well over $60,000 worth of value without monetary exchange, effectively managing ash tree hazards and supporting forest health economically.In-Kind Labor Agreements: Maximizing Value in Emerald Ash Borer ManagementIn-kind agreements involve exchanging services rather than cash, a strategy particularly useful for camps with limited budgets. By partnering with forestry contractors, camps can achieve extensive tree removals, excavation, and infrastructure repairs at considerable value. This approach allows for a comprehensive emerald ash borer management program without the financial burdens traditional contracts impose. Insecticide Treatment Options for Emerald Ash Borer ControlOverview of Available Insecticide TreatmentsWhile tree removal is effective for severely infested ash trees, insecticide treatments can prolong the life of high-value trees or those in less affected areas. Several systemic insecticides, such as emamectin benzoate and dinotefuran, are FDA-approved for EAB control.These insecticides typically are injected directly into the tree’s vascular system, hindering the larvae's development and improving tree survival rates. Treatments require annual or biennial application, depending on the product and infestation intensity. Best Practices for Applying Insecticide Treatments in Community SettingsTo maximize efficacy and minimize environmental impact, insecticide treatments must be applied by licensed professionals following manufacturer instructions and safety protocols. Treatments should target early stages of infestation before severe decline occurs.Jeff Speich recommends incorporating insecticide treatments within an integrated pest management plan, combining monitoring, hazard tree removal, and public education to optimize results:Schedule treatments during growing seasons for best uptake.Prioritize high-value and structurally important trees.Communicate application schedules with camp staff and attendees.Community Engagement and Overcoming Opposition to Emerald Ash Borer ManagementCommunicating the Importance of Pest Management to Camp MembersManaging emerald ash borer often requires public support, especially when timber sales or tree removals affect camp aesthetics or emotion. Effective communication is critical to success. Providing clear information on safety, forest health, and financial benefits can reduce resistance.Jeff Speich notes, "While some members initially opposed timber sales, clear communication about safety and forest health helped gain widespread support."Engaging the community through presentations, informational meetings, and ongoing dialogue empowers members and helps build trust in management decisions. Frequently Asked Questions About Emerald Ash Borer ManagementWhat is the best treatment for emerald ash borer?The best treatment depends on infestation severity and tree value. For early or moderate infestations, systemic insecticides like emamectin benzoate injections are highly effective. For heavily infested or hazardous trees, removal is the safest option.What should you do if you see an emerald ash borer?Report sightings to local forestry or extension services. Avoid moving infested wood to prevent spreading the pest. Monitor nearby ash trees closely for symptoms and consult an arborist for assessment.Can a tree with an emerald ash borer be saved?Trees in early infestation stages can often be saved through insecticide treatments and proper care. Severely damaged trees generally cannot be saved safely and should be removed to prevent hazards.What time of year should I treat my emerald ash borer?Insecticide treatments are most effective during the growing season, typically late spring to early summer, when the tree's uptake is highest and beetle larvae are actively feeding.Conclusion: Effective Emerald Ash Borer Management Protects Community Camps and ForestsEmerald ash borer threatens both the ecological integrity and safety of community camps, making emerald ash borer management an essential component of camp stewardship. Through expert assessment, innovative management such as timber sales combined with in-kind labor agreements and insecticide applications, camps can mitigate damage while sustaining vital green spaces.Continued community education and involvement are critical to sustaining support for these necessary measures. As Jeff Speich of Baumwerks Consulting highlights, proactive, informed management strengthens both the health of ash populations and the overall camp environment.Next Steps for Camp Managers and ArboristsConduct regular ash tree health inspections with certified arborists.Develop a comprehensive emerald ash borer management plan combining removals, treatments, and monitoring.Engage community members with transparent communication and education.Explore innovative partnerships such as in-kind timber sale agreements.Call to ActionContact Baumwerks Consulting for expert emerald ash borer management advice.Subscribe to Tree Guardian News for the latest updates on pest management.Implement a proactive emerald ash borer management plan for your community camp today.Educational Video Update

06.25.2025

Tree Service Arborist Tips: Save Your Trees Today

Did you know over one-third of urban trees are at risk of decline or removal? Every day, city landscapes lose precious green assets due to disease, poor planting choices, and lack of professional care. But with the right approach, a certified tree service arborist can not only rescue threatened trees—they can transform your landscape’s future. In this comprehensive guide, you'll uncover expert insights and actionable tips collected from industry leaders, ensuring your trees stand stronger for years to come. Did You Know? Over 33% of Urban Trees Are at Risk—How a Tree Service Arborist Can Help Urban trees face mounting risks from pollution, compacted soil, weather extremes, pest infestations, and human activity. More than 33% are vulnerable to early decline, threatening both environmental health and property values. Enter the tree service arborist : the frontline defender for city and residential trees. Unlike general landscaping services, certified arborists are trained to diagnose, treat, and prevent issues that commonly afflict urban trees. Their expert interventions go beyond simple pruning or removal, focusing on the complete health and vitality of the urban canopy. By conducting thorough site assessments, consulting arborists can craft personalized care strategies—everything from tree risk assessment and disease diagnosis to soil remediation and emergency storm response. These specialists leverage knowledge gained through International Society of Arboriculture certifications and years of hands-on experience in arboriculture, making them invaluable partners for property owners. When you engage a tree service arborist, you're not just paying for tree work—you're investing in the long-term health, beauty, and safety of your landscape. Maximizing Tree Health: Key Benefits of Professional Tree Service Arborist Care Engaging a certified arborist for your tree care means more than ensuring branches are trimmed or diseased trees are removed. Certified tree experts prioritize overall plant health through a holistic approach—focusing on prevention, early diagnosis, and sustainable solutions. This proactive care goes a long way in maintaining healthy trees, especially in urban environments where challenges are magnified. By recognizing subtle signs of distress and implementing tailored treatments, a tree service arborist can prevent costly interventions down the line. It’s also vital to understand the unique value brought by an ISA (International Society of Arboriculture) certified arborist. Their specialized training means you receive the most current knowledge on tree biology, proper care techniques, and the latest research in tree care. When timely interventions are made, you not only extend the lifespan of your trees but also mitigate risks to property and public safety. Consulting arborists contribute valuable insights for long-term maintenance and safe management, ensuring your landscape continues to thrive. Importance of tree care by expert arborists Value of engaging a certified arborist Impact of timely tree service interventions Fundamentals of plant health and preventive tree care Tips from consulting arborists for long-term maintenance Certified Arborist Services vs. General Tree Service Providers Service Type Provided by Certified Arborist General Tree Service Provider Disease Diagnosis Yes Limited Pruning for Health Yes Sometimes Tree Risk Assessment Yes No Plant Health Management Yes No Emergency Storm Response Yes Yes “A tree service arborist isn’t just a pruner—they are your tree’s healthcare provider.” — International Society of Arboriculture Tree Care Fundamentals: Expertise from a Certified Tree Service Arborist The Role of a Tree Expert and Consulting Arborist in Tree Care A tree expert or consulting arborist plays a pivotal role in preserving the health of your trees and shrubs. Armed with deep knowledge of tree biology, soil science, and pest management, these professionals offer personalized care tailored to each unique environment. Certified arborists analyze tree health, root structure, and environmental conditions to propose targeted interventions. Their reports and recommendations, often required for insurance claims or legal matters, are authoritative and scientifically grounded. Consulting arborists provide invaluable guidance not only for routine maintenance but also for crisis management in the wake of storm damage or invasive pest outbreaks. With expertise in safety practices and risk reduction, they help property owners avoid accidents and costly liabilities. Their work extends beyond residential properties—urban planners, municipalities, and commercial care companies consult these experts to ensure community tree care standards are met, supporting healthier and safer urban forests. Why Tree Services Should Always Include a Certified Arborist Relying on a certified arborist ensures that all tree services are rendered with the highest standards in mind. Unlike general tree care companies that may focus primarily on tree removal or basic pruning, certified arborists examine tree health and recommend proactive solutions for longevity. Their ISA certification confirms rigorous training in proper care, pest and disease identification, and advanced pruning techniques. Hiring an arborist certified by the International Society of Arboriculture guarantees that the person working on your tree is qualified to handle complex issues and prioritize plant health. This distinction matters most when managing valuable, historic, or threatened trees—places where expert judgment can mean the difference between rejuvenation and loss. Homeowners should look for ISA credentials and seek care services that emphasize assessment, diagnosis, and sustainable practices for every facet of tree work. Understanding Plant Health: Core Strategies for Urban Tree Care Preserving plant health in urban environments requires specialized skills and in-depth knowledge of how city living affects trees. Trees growing amidst pavement, compacted soil, and fluctuating moisture are susceptible to additional stressors like pollution and mechanical damage. Certified tree service arborists deploy a range of core strategies: soil aeration, integrated pest management, deep root fertilization, and structural pruning. These tactics reduce disease risk, promote vigorous growth, and maintain healthy tree canopies among city infrastructure. Plant health management plans are foundational for any comprehensive tree care program. Consulting arborists offer not only technical services but also ongoing guidance. Their focus on preventive care, such as mulching, water management, and annual health checks, ensures that trees not only survive but thrive amid urban adversity. Proper care from a certified arborist results in stronger, more resilient landscapes that bring increased property value and curb appeal. Accreditation Matters: Trusting Tree Service Arborists with International Society of Arboriculture Certification When choosing a tree expert, always prioritize those with International Society of Arboriculture certifications. This accreditation attests to mastery of best practices, ongoing education, and adherence to ethical standards in arboriculture. The Society of Arboriculture sets rigorous standards of expertise, representing a commitment to the quality and safety of every tree service performed. ISA certified arborists possess documented training, experience in arboriculture, and current knowledge about emerging threats. This makes them uniquely qualified to deliver complex care: from high-stakes tree risk assessment to consulting on large municipal projects. Their status as certified tree professionals provides assurance for property owners, municipalities, and care companies seeking reliable, science-backed solutions for tree care. Hiring a Tree Service Arborist: How to Choose the Right Tree Expert Selecting the right tree service arborist is critical for ensuring the long-term health and beauty of your landscape. Start your search by verifying that candidates are ISA certified arborists with a documented track record in complex tree care. Look for professionals who offer consulting arborist services, as they bring additional expertise in risk assessment, plant health evaluation, and legal or insurance documentation—important when facing storm damage or disputes over tree removal. Once you identify potential experts, review their previous work, paying special attention to client testimonials that highlight expertise in plant health and customer satisfaction. Evaluate whether they provide transparent, actionable management plans, including specific strategies for pruning, fertilizing, pest management, and long-term tree and shrub health. Always request a detailed and transparent quote before work begins, so you understand not only the fees but the full scope of services provided. Verify certifications (International Society of Arboriculture credentials) Assess experience in consulting arborist roles Evaluate reviews of tree care and plant health results Ask for a plant health management plan Get a transparent quote for tree services “Certified arborists are trained to do more than cut branches—they preserve your landscape’s future.” Cost Breakdown: Understanding Tree Service Arborist Pricing Tree Service Fees vs. Value: Why Expertise Matters While tree service fees can initially seem high compared to general landscaping, they reflect the specialized knowledge and risks involved in professional arboriculture. Certified arborists invest years in education, safety training, and certification renewal—ensuring their recommendations and work preserve the health of your trees, boost property value, and comply with municipal regulations. Emergency work, complex tree risk assessment, and legal documentation require even greater skill, protecting clients from potential property damage and liability. Investing in a certified tree expert’s guidance avoids losses due to disease, improper pruning, or unqualified removal. By focusing on the value delivered—rather than just upfront cost—property owners secure healthy trees that provide shade, beauty, and ecosystem benefits for generations. Remember: expertise matters most when trees are irreplaceable or if advanced diagnosis is required for urban plant health challenges. Typical Hourly Rates for Tree Services and Arborists Understanding the typical costs associated with tree services is essential for budgeting and decision-making. Rates vary by service complexity, urgency, and the professional’s credentials. Certified arborists charge more than general tree services due to their advanced training, insurance, and safety protocols. Emergency response and consulting arborist reports are priced higher because they demand immediate action and specialized knowledge. Before hiring, request a full breakdown of fees and verify which services are included. Some tree care companies offer bundled packages for seasonal management, while others bill by the hour for consulting, pruning, or risk assessment. Investing in quality may save you more in the long run by preventing future tree health issues or costly removals. Average Hourly Costs for Tree Services Service Type Average Hourly Cost Tree Pruning by Arborist $75–$150 Emergency Tree Service $125–$250 Consulting Arborist Report $100–$200 General Tree Service $50–$100 Tree Care Success Stories: Real-World Examples of Tree Service Arborist Expertise Rejuvenating storm-damaged trees in urban parks: Certified arborists deployed restorative pruning and soil care after a severe storm, saving dozens of old-growth maples that were initially slated for removal. Saving mature trees from invasive disease threats: Early diagnosis by an ISA certified arborist enabled targeted treatment for root rot and trunk borers, rescuing specimen trees on private and municipal lands alike. Restoring landscape value through professional pruning: Consulting arborists revived valuable heritage oaks with specialized pruning and cabling, greatly enhancing curb appeal and property appraisal estimates. “Our certified arborist saved our century-old oak—and the value of our property.” — Satisfied Homeowner Your Top Tree Service Arborist Questions Answered What's the difference between an arborist and a tree service? The primary difference lies in qualifications and scope. An arborist is a trained, certified expert focused on tree health care , diagnosis, and long-term management. In contrast, a tree service may offer only basic work like tree trimming or removal, sometimes without specialized training. Hiring a certified arborist ensures holistic tree care with safety, science, and sustainability in mind. Why do arborists charge so much? Arborists invest years in specialized education, certifications such as those from the International Society of Arboriculture , and ongoing safety training. The work itself is physically demanding, sometimes hazardous, and often requires sophisticated equipment. This expertise protects your property, complies with regulations, and preserves valuable trees—making the investment worthwhile. What do tree services charge per hour? Hourly rates for tree services vary by scope and qualifications. Certified arborists typically charge between $75 and $150 per hour for specialized care, while emergency tree work or consulting services can range higher ($125–$250). General tree services usually cost less, typically $50 to $100 per hour, but may not provide advanced care or diagnosis. Is it worth hiring an arborist? Yes—hiring an arborist is always a wise investment for properties with mature, valuable, or at-risk trees. Their expertise ensures proper diagnosis, treatment, and ongoing plant health management, often saving significant expense and preserving landscape value in the long run. Essential FAQs on Tree Service Arborist Care When should I call a certified arborist? Consult a certified arborist anytime you notice signs of disease, storm damage, dead branches, or prior to construction projects near trees. How do I verify arborist credentials? Ask for ISA certification details and check their status through the International Society of Arboriculture directory . What should a tree care maintenance plan include? Look for plans outlining pruning schedules, soil testing, fertilization, pest management, and seasonal inspections. Can a consulting arborist support legal or insurance claims? Yes—certified consulting arborists prepare reports and documentation accepted by legal and insurance professionals. Take Action Today: Secure Your Landscape's Future with a Professional Tree Service Arborist Preserve the health and beauty of your trees by partnering with a certified tree service arborist. Take the first step—schedule a consultation today and give your landscape the lasting care it deserves. What You'll Learn from This Guide Why over 33% of urban trees depend on expert intervention The vital difference a certified arborist brings to tree care How to select the right consulting arborist for your property Transparent breakdowns of typical tree service pricing Real-life examples of healthy tree recoveries Clear answers to the most common questions about tree care Sources https://www.isa-arbor.com – International Society of Arboriculture https://www.treesaregood.org – Trees Are Good https://extension.psu.edu/tree-care – Penn State Extension, Tree Care https://www.arborday.org/trees/treefacts/ – Arbor Day Foundation, Tree Facts

06.23.2025

Designing Resilient Landscapes: A Practical Guide to Drought-Tolerant Landscaping

Contributed by Steve Mumma, ISA Certified Arborist, Chavas LandscapingDesigning Resilient Landscapes  As climate shifts place increasing pressure on our natural resources, designing landscapes that use less water and remain vibrant year-round is more important than ever. Drought-tolerant landscaping—also known as xeriscaping—offers a practical solution for homeowners and property managers seeking beauty, sustainability, and lower maintenance costs.Why Drought-Tolerant Landscaping MattersLandscaping that adapts to dry conditions helps conserve water, minimize runoff and erosion, and reduce long-term maintenance. By integrating water-wise plant choices, efficient irrigation systems, and thoughtful design, we can create visually compelling spaces that thrive in our changing environment.Core Principles for a Water-Smart Landscape1. Plan with PurposeStart with a clear layout that groups plants by water needs and sunlight requirements. Thoughtful planning ensures efficient irrigation and healthier plant growth.2. Select Water-Wise PlantsNative and drought-tolerant species like lavender, Russian sage, and penstemon offer resilience and beauty. Evergreens and ornamental grasses also maintain structure and color throughout the year.3. Improve Soil QualityHealthy soil retains moisture better. Amending your soil with organic compost and mulching around plants boosts water retention and root development.4. Efficient Irrigation TechniquesDrip irrigation delivers water directly to plant roots, minimizing evaporation. Water early in the morning or late in the evening to reduce water loss.5. Incorporate Mulch and GroundcoversUse mulch to suppress weeds and conserve moisture. Living mulches like thyme or sedum double as decorative groundcovers and erosion control.6. Use Hardscape Elements WiselyHardscapes add structure and reduce water needs. Opt for porous materials like gravel and permeable pavers to let water seep into the ground. Add visual interest with boulders, sculptures, and walkways.7. Reduce Lawn AreasTurf grass demands significant water. Replace some or all of your lawn with drought-tolerant beds or groundcovers to significantly cut water use.8. Capture and Reuse WaterInstall rain gardens or small water features that recycle captured runoff. Not only do they conserve water, they also add tranquility and biodiversity.9. Design for Slopes and Harsh ConditionsUse terracing or rock walls to prevent erosion and manage water flow on slopes. Choose plants with deep roots and thick foliage to withstand exposure.10. Group Plants ThoughtfullyPlace plants with similar water and light needs together to ensure uniform care and reduce water waste.Final Thoughts“Drought tolerance is not just about surviving; it’s about thriving in conditions where water is scarce,” says Steve Mumma of Chavas Landscaping. With smart choices and strategic planning, homeowners can enjoy lush, vibrant landscapes that endure drought and reduce maintenance demands.To learn more about implementing drought-tolerant practices in your yard or commercial property, contact Steve Mumma at Chavas Landscaping at 717-210-6530.

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{"company":"RP Design Web Services","address":"P.O. 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1189","city":"Cheshire","state":"CT","zip":"06410","email":"robert@rpdesign.com","tos":"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","privacy":"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